Trillions of tons of hydrogen gas are likely trapped in Earth’s subsurface, according to a new study. That’s potentially more than enough to meet the projected hydrogen needed to achieve net-zero carbon emissions for about 200 years.

Geoff Ellis, a petroleum geochemist at the US Geological Survey (USGS) who coauthored the 13 December paper in Science Advances, cautions that many of the hydrogen deposits may be too small or are located too deep or too far offshore to be economically practical for extraction. Nonetheless, he says, “it’s a big enough number that if we could find a fraction of that hydrogen, it could still be a significant resource.”

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