An international team of researchers led by Ray Baughman of the University of Texas at Dallas has developed a new type of artificial muscle made from a "yarn" of twisted carbon-nanotube threads infused with wax. The new actuator structures are different from previously made devices in that they do not need an external electrolyte to function. The muscles can lift more than 100,000 times their own weight, can contract and expand extremely quickly and can operate over a wide temperature range. Such properties could make them ideal for use in a range of future applications, such as humanoid robots, intelligent textiles and advanced rotary motors.
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